Breathing bag

An anesthetic system is a complex set of components that provide anesthesia to patients during surgical procedures. One critical component of this system is the breathing bag, which can play a crucial role in ensuring patient safety. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of breathing bags in an anesthetic system and how they work to ensure optimal patient care.

Description

Breathing bag

Ref. No.:	Type:	Descriptions:
NMR103414	Wye Connector A	22M / 15F, 15M
NMR103405	Wye Connector B	22M / 15F, 22M
NMR103406	Wye Connector C	With sample port, 22M / 15F, 22M
NMR103407	Corner Connector	22M / 15F, 15M
NMR103403	Disposable Water Trap	/
NMR103409	Connector jiont	22M / 22F
NMR103410	Breathing Bag	Latex-free, 0.5L, green
NMR103411	Breathing Bag	Latex-free, , green
NMR103412	Breathing Bag	Latex-free, , green
NMR103413	Breathing Bag	Latex-free, , green
NMR103417	Breathing Bag	Latex, 0.5L, blue
NMR103418	Breathing Bag	Latex, 1L, blue
NMR103419	Breathing Bag	Latex, 2L, blue
NNMR103420	Breathing Bag	Latex, 3L, blue

What is a Breathing Bag?

A breathing bag is an inflatable bag that is connected to an anesthesia machine. The bag is used to store oxygen and deliver it to the patient. The bag is also used to remove carbon dioxide from the patient's lungs.

How do they work?

An anesthetic system is used to provide anesthesia during surgical procedures. Anesthesia is a state of complete or partial unconsciousness that allows the patient to tolerate surgery. The anesthetic system includes an anesthesiologist, who administers the anesthesia, and a breathing bag, which provides oxygen for the patient to breathe. Breathing bags are an important part of the anesthetic system because they provide oxygen for the patient to breathe. When the patient inhales, the bag expands and fills with air. When the patient exhales, the bag contracts and forces the air out. This action ensures that the patient is getting a steady supply of oxygen.

When are they used?

Breathing bags are used to store gases between inhalations in an anesthesia system. The size of the bag determines how much gas is stored and how long it will take to fill.

Types of Breathing Bags

There are two types of breathing bags used in an anesthetic system: the patient breathing bag and the anesthesia machine breathing bag. The patient breathing bag is connected to the patient circuit and is used to deliver oxygen and anaesthetic gases to the patient. The anesthesia machine breathing bag is connected to the anesthesia machine and is used to collect exhaled gases from the patient.

The Importance of Breathing Bags

Breathing bags are an important part of the anesthetic system. They are used to deliver oxygen to the patient and to remove carbon dioxide from the patient's body. Breathing bags come in different sizes, depending on the size of the patient. The smaller the patient, the smaller the bag. Breathing bags are made of rubber or plastic. They have a valve on one end that is opened when the bag is squeezed. This allows oxygen to enter the bag. The other end of the bag has a valve that is opened when the bag is released. This allows carbon dioxide to escape from the bag. Breathing bags are used during surgery to deliver oxygen to the patient and to remove carbon dioxide from the patient's body. The use of breathing bags helps to keep the patient's blood pressure and heart rate stable during surgery.

Breathing Bag, The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global mechanical ventilator shortage for treatment of severe acute respiratory failure. The development of novel breathing devices has been proposed as a low-cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. Here we report the design, bench testing, and preclinical results for an 'Automated Bag Breathing Unit' (ABBU). Output parameters were validated with mechanical test lungs followed by animal model testing.

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Results

The ABBU design uses a programmable motor-driven wheel assembled for adult resuscitation bag-valve compression. ABBU can control tidal volume (200–800 ml), respiratory rate (10–40 bpm), inspiratory time (0.5–1.5 s), assist pressure sensing (− 1 to − 20 cm H₂O), manual PEEP valve (0–20 cm H₂O). All set values are displayed on an LCD screen. Bench testing with lung simulators (Michigan 1600, Breathing bag SmartLung 2000) yielded consistent tidal volume delivery at compliances of 20, 40, and 70 (mL/cm H₂O). The delivered fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) decreased with increasing minute ventilation (V_E), from 98 to 47% when V_E was increased from 4 to 16 L/min using a fixed oxygen flow source of 5 L/min. ABBU was tested in Berkshire pigs (n = 6, weight of 50.8 ± 2.6 kg) utilizing a normal lung model and saline lavage-induced lung injury. Arterial blood gases were measured following changes in tidal volume (200–800 ml), respiratory rate (10–40 bpm), and PEEP (5–20 cm H₂O) at baseline and after lung lavage. Physiological levels of PaCO₂ (≤ 40 mm Hg [5.3 kPa]) were achieved in all animals at baseline and following lavage injury. PaO₂ increased in lavage injured lungs in response to incremental PEEP (5–20 cm H₂O) (p < 0.01). At fixed low oxygen flow rates (5 L/min), delivered FiO₂ decreased with increased V_E.

Conclusions

ABBU provides oxygenation and ventilation across a range of parameter settings that may potentially provide a low-cost solution to ventilator shortages. A clinical trial is necessary to establish safety and efficacy in adult patients with diverse etiologies of respiratory failure.

Background

On January 31, 2020, the US Department of Health & Human Services announced a public health emergency related to a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19. The early rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a shortage of mechanical ventilators and accessory components (e.g., humidifiers, circuits, etc.) in many regions throughout the world. In response to these shortages, a global surge in development and production occurred, including repurposing non-medical device assembly lines to manufacture quickly designed ventilators (e.g., FORD, GM, Virgin, etc.) As of March 2021, over 150 million COVID-19 cases have been identified leading to over 3.0 million deaths worldwide. Among hospitalized patients, 30% require care at intensive care unit (ICU) and 29% or more of those require mechanical ventilation In response to the shortage of mechanical ventilators to treat COVID-19 patients, resuscitation bag-valve breathing devices were conceived as a potential solution for short-term emergency use. The FDA has classified these devices as "emergency resuscitators" to distinguish them from mechanical ventilators. Our design uses a self-inflating resuscitation bag-valve, an automobile windshield motor, and lever arm to mimic manual hand bag-valve ventilation—along with essential operator controllable parameters: tidal volume (V_T), respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory time (T_I), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and patient-initiated breath pressure sensing. ABBU uses readily available components, low flow O₂ sources, standard electrical power, and can be rapidly mass-produced at lower cost ($2,000 estimated at 2021, ~ 5 h per unit production) compare to the full-featured ICU ventilator ($25,000–$50,000). The purpose of this study was to determine if ABBU can provide oxygenation and ventilation in a mechanical test lung and preclinical porcine model across a range of clinically relevant parameter settings.